nginx

解析

概念：请求转发、负载均衡、动静分离

请求转发：根据请求路径，转发到相应的服务器

负载均衡：请求到来，根据一定的规则（如：轮循）分配给不同的服务器

发现两个nginx

使用

nginx.exe -s stop
nginx.exe -s reload

代理模式

正向代理

代理客户端

翻墙：无法直接访问国外的网站，通过正向代理，让能访问外网的服务器去访问网站，将反问道的数据传递给我们，屏蔽真实客户端消息

用途：

• 访问无法访问的资源
• 缓存，加速访问
• 访问授权，上网认证
• 记录用户上网行为，隐藏用户信息

反向代理

代理服务器

分布式部署下，隐藏服务器信息

作用：

• 保证内网安全，公网为访问地址，实际在内网
• 负载均衡

调度算法

weight轮询：逐一分配，如果宕机则会剔除服务器，分配weight

ip_hash：根据客户端ip hash，固定后端服务，解决session共享

fair：智能调度，响应时间短的邮箱分配，但是默认不支持，需要upstream_fair模块

url_hash：根据url，hash，url固定某个服务器，nginx作为静态服务器可以提高缓存效率

配置

详细配置

########### 每个指令必须有分号结束。#################
#user administrator administrators;  #配置用户或者组，默认为nobody nobody。
#worker_processes 2;  #允许生成的进程数，默认为1
#pid /nginx/pid/nginx.pid;   #指定nginx进程运行文件存放地址
error_log log/error.log debug;  #制定日志路径，级别。这个设置可以放入全局块，http块，server块，级别以此为：debug|info|notice|warn|error|crit|alert|emerg
events {
    accept_mutex on;   #设置网路连接序列化，防止惊群现象发生，默认为on
    multi_accept on;  #设置一个进程是否同时接受多个网络连接，默认为off
    #use epoll;      #事件驱动模型，select|poll|kqueue|epoll|resig|/dev/poll|eventport
    worker_connections  1024;    #最大连接数，默认为512
}
http {
    include       mime.types;   #文件扩展名与文件类型映射表
    default_type  application/octet-stream; #默认文件类型，默认为text/plain
    #access_log off; #取消服务日志    
    log_format myFormat '$remote_addr–$remote_user [$time_local] $request $status $body_bytes_sent $http_referer $http_user_agent $http_x_forwarded_for'; #自定义格式
    access_log log/access.log myFormat;  #combined为日志格式的默认值
    sendfile on;   #允许sendfile方式传输文件，默认为off，可以在http块，server块，location块。
    sendfile_max_chunk 100k;  #每个进程每次调用传输数量不能大于设定的值，默认为0，即不设上限。
    keepalive_timeout 65;  #连接超时时间，默认为75s，可以在http，server，location块。

    upstream mysvr {   # 进行负载均衡
      server 127.0.0.1:7878;
      server 192.168.10.121:3333 backup;  #热备
    }
    error_page 404 https://www.baidu.com; #错误页

    # 1. 放在一起 
    server {
        keepalive_requests 120; #单连接请求上限次数。
        listen       4545;   #监听端口
        server_name  127.0.0.1 mingyuefusu.cn *.mingyuefusu.cn;   #监听地址
        location  ~*^.+$ {       #请求的url过滤，正则匹配，~为区分大小写，~*为不区分大小写。
           #root path;  #根目录
           #index vv.txt;  #设置默认页
           proxy_set_header Host $host; # 转发会丢掉原域名，让其加上
           proxy_pass  http://mysvr;  #请求转向mysvr 定义的服务器列表
           deny 127.0.0.1;  #拒绝的ip
           allow 172.18.5.54; #允许的ip 
            proxy_redirect     off;
            proxy_set_header   Host             $host;        # 传递域名
            proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr; # 传递ip
            proxy_set_header   X-Scheme         $scheme;      # 传递协议
            proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        } 
    }
    # 2.分开
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

项目配置

url加/，表示绝对根路径

没有/，表示相对路径

http://192.168.1.1/proxy/test.html

# 第一种：
location /proxy/ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1/;
}
# 代理到URL：http://127.0.0.1/test.html

# 第二种 最后少一个 / 
location /proxy/ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
}
# 代理到URL：http://127.0.0.1/proxy/test.html

# 第三种：
location /proxy/ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1/aaa/;
}
# 代理到URL：http://127.0.0.1/aaa/test.html

# 第四种 最后少一个 / 
location /proxy/ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1/aaa;
}
# 代理到URL：http://127.0.0.1/aaatest.html

server {
            server_name example.com;

            location /mail/ {
                    proxy_pass http://example.com:protmail/;
            }

            location /com/ {
                    proxy_pass http://example.com:portcom/main/;
            }

            location / {
                    proxy_set_header Host $host; 
                    proxy_pass http://example.com:portdefault;
            }
    }

• 将 http://example.com/mail/ 下的请求转发到 http://example.com:portmail/
• 将 http://example.com/com/ 下的请求转发到 http://example.com:portcom/main/
• 将其它所有请求转发到 http://example.com:portdefault/

如果代理服务器地址中是带有URI的，此URI会替换掉 location 所匹配的URI部分。

而如果代理服务器地址中是不带有URI的，则会用完整的请求URL来转发到代理服务器。

• http://example.com/mail/index.html -> http://example.com:portmail/index.html
• http://example.com/com/index.html -> http://example.com:portcom/main/index.html
• http://example.com/mail/static/a.jpg -> http://example.com:portmail/static/a.jpg
• http://example.com/com/static/b.css -> http://example.com:portcom/main/static/b.css
• http://example.com/other/index.htm -> http://example.com:portdefault/other/index.htm

匹配规则

1. 留空，在留空的情况下，配置表示请求路径由 location_match 开始。
2. = ，表示精确匹配。只有请求的url路径与后面的字符串完全相等时，才会命中。
3. ~，表示区分大小写的正则匹配。
4. ~*，表示不区分大小写的正则匹配。
5. ^~ ，表示如果该符号后面的字符是最佳匹配，采用该规则，不再进行后续的查找

当有多条 location 规则时，nginx 有一套比较复杂的规则，优先级如下：

• 精确匹配 =
• 前缀匹配 ^~（立刻停止后续的正则搜索）
• 按文件中顺序的正则匹配 ~或~*
• 匹配不带任何修饰的前缀匹配。

正则匹配，顺序有关

备份

nginx

library

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name library.mingyuefusu.cn;
    location ~ .$ #所有页面均交由tomcat处理
    {
      proxy_pass http://192.168.0.3:8080;#转向tomcat处理
    }
}

单独

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  www.mingyuefusu.cn;

    #charset koi8-r;
    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;

    location / {
        root   /var/www/tpblog/public;
        index  index.html index.htm index.php;
    if (!-e $request_filename) {
                rewrite  ^(.*)$  /index.php?s=$1  last;
                break;
         }
    }

    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    location ~ \.php$ {
        root           /var/www/tpblog/public;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}
}
server {
    listen       80; 
    server_name  test.mingyuefusu.cn;

    #charset koi8-r;
    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;

    location / { 
        root   /var/www/html/public;
        index  index.html index.htm index.php;
        if (!-e $request_filename) {
                rewrite  ^(.*)$  /index.php?s=$1  last;
                break;
         }   
    }   

    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    location ~ \.php$ {
        root           /var/www/html/public;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}
}

server {
    listen       80; 
    server_name  blog.mingyuefusu.cn;

    location / { 
        root   /var/www/blog;
        index  index.html index.htm index.php;
        if (!-e $request_filename) {
                rewrite  ^(.*)$  /index.php?s=$1  last;
                break;
         }   
    }   

    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }   

    location ~ \.php$ {
        root           /var/www/blog;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }

}
server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  wx.mingyuefusu.cn;

    location / {
        root   /var/www/wx/public;
        index  index.html index.htm index.php;
        if (!-e $request_filename) {
                rewrite  ^(.*)$  /index.php?s=$1  last;
                break;
         }
    }

    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        root           /var/www/wx/public;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }
}
server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  nav.mingyuefusu.cn;

    location / {
        root   /var/www/nav;
        index  index.html index.htm index.php;
        if (!-e $request_filename) {
                rewrite  ^(.*)$  /index.php?s=$1  last;
                break;
         }
    }

    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        root           /var/www/nav;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }   
}
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name design.mingyuefusu.cn;
    server_name_in_redirect        on;
    #root /usr/java/apache-tomcat-9.0.34/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF;
    #root /var/www/java;
    location ~ .$ #所有页面均交由tomcat处理
    {
      proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;#转向tomcat处理
    }
}
server {
    listen 80; 
    server_name shop.mingyuefusu.cn;
    server_name_in_redirect        on; 
    location / {
        root   /var/www/shop;
        index  index.html index.htm index.php;
    }

}
server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  recruit.mingyuefusu.cn;

    location / {
        root   /var/www/ticknet_recruit/public;
        index  index.html index.htm index.php;
        if (!-e $request_filename) {
                rewrite  ^(.*)$  /index.php?s=$1  last;
                break;
         }
    }

    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }   

    location ~ \.php$ {
        root           /var/www/ticknet_recruit/public;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }   
}

server {
    listen       80; 
    server_name  art.mingyuefusu.cn;

    location / { 
        root   /var/www/artsign/public;
        index  index.html index.htm index.php;
        if (!-e $request_filename) {
                rewrite  ^(.*)$  /index.php?s=$1  last;
                break;
         }   
    }   

    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }   

    location ~ \.php$ {
        root           /var/www/artsign/public;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }   
}
server {
    listen 80; 
    server_name nginx01.mingyuefusu.cn;
    server_name_in_redirect        on; 
    #root /usr/java/apache-tomcat-9.0.34/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF;
    #root /var/www/java;
    location ~ .$ #所有页面均交由tomcat处理
    {   
      proxy_pass http://121.89.163.222;#转向tomcat处理
    }   
}

所有页面指向

location / {
    root /var/www/acm;
    index index.html;
    try_files $uri /index.html;
}

docker

server {
    listen       80; 
    server_name  dockertest.mingyuefusu.cn;

    charset utf-8;


    location / { 
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html/blog/public;
        index  index.html index.htm index.php;
         if (!-e $request_filename) {
                rewrite  ^(.*)$  /index.php?s=$1  last;
                break;
         }   
    }   



    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;

    location ~ \.php$ {
        include fastcgi_params;

        fastcgi_pass   myphp:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
         fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME   /var/www/html/blog/public$fastcgi_script_name;
        # fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME   /var/www/html/tp_blog/public$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }   

}

常用

动静分离

location /static/ {
    root /usr/share/nginx/html
}

PHP

location / { 
    root   /usr/share/nginx/html/blog/public;
    index  index.html index.htm index.php;
    if (!-e $request_filename) {
        rewrite  ^(.*)$  /index.php?s=$1  last;
        break;
    }   
}   
location ~ \.php$ {
    include fastcgi_params;
    fastcgi_pass   myphp:9000;
    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME   /var/www/html/blog/public$fastcgi_script_name;
    include        fastcgi_params;
}   

mysql

修改/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

#增加stream配置，开启stream模块
http{
xxxxxxxxxx
       }
#stream模块和http模块是并列级别的，所以stream要写在http{}外边
stream {
    log_format basic '$remote_addr [$time_local] '
                 '$protocol $status $bytes_sent $bytes_received '
                 '$session_time';
    access_log /var/log/nginx/stream-access.log basic buffer=32k;
    # 为了让这个配置文件简单一些，将配置stream放入到/etc/nginx/conf.d，并以.stream做后缀名。
    # 需要为每个端口创建一个.stream做后缀名的配置文件
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.stream;
}

stream {

    upstream mysql {
        # localhost  可修改为对应的 IP 地址
        # 3306 可修改为对应的数据库端口
        # weight 权重
        server localhost:3306 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    }

    server {
        # 监听的端口
        listen 10000;
        proxy_connect_timeout 10s;
        proxy_timeout 30s;
        proxy_pass mysql;   
    }
}

kubesphere

map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
      default upgrade;
      '' close;
}
server{
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost 192.168.1.13;

    location / {
    #    root   D:/Environment/nginx-1.18.0/conf/conf.d;
    #    index  index.html index.htm index.php;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        # proxy_pass  http://127.0.0.1:8083;  
        proxy_pass  http://192.168.56.100:30880;  
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
        proxy_read_timeout 86400;

        #proxy_redirect     off;
        proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
        proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
        proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;
        proxy_connect_timeout      90;
        proxy_send_timeout         90;
        #proxy_read_timeout         90;
        proxy_buffer_size          4k;
        proxy_buffers              4 32k;
        proxy_busy_buffers_size    64k;
        proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;

    }
}